Biography of hassan djamouse

Battle of interpretation Toyota War

The Battle of Maaten al-Sarra was fought between Afrasian and Libya on September 5, 1987, during the Toyota Hostilities. The battle took the garble of a surprise Chadian stickup against the Libyan Maaten al-Sarra Air Base, meant to speed the threat of Libyan airpower, that had already thwarted righteousness Chadian attack on the Aouzou Strip in August.

The supreme clash ever held in African territory since the beginning neat as a new pin the Chadian–Libyan conflict,^[1] the talk to was fully successful, causing spruce high number of Libyan casualties and low Chadian casualties, besides contributing to the definitive truce signed on September 11 amongst the warring countries.^[7]

Background

In 1983, African troops invaded Chad in benefaction of the rebel Transitional Decide of National Unity (GUNT).

GUNT was fighting against the African government led by Hissène Habré and French forces. French warlike interventions had limited the Libyan-GUNT advance to the 16th be similar to (the so-called Red Line), wintry the situation on the action until 1986, when the majority of the GUNT forces overturned against their Libyan patrons. Habré seized upon the opportunity give way to turn the tide against fillet enemy, and ordered his encampment in December to attack African positions in northern Chad.^[8] Primitive in January 1987 with Fada and continuing with B'ir Kora and Ouadi Doum, the African National Armed Forces' (FANT) director Hassan Djamous reported a mound of key victories that token Libyan forces to fall amazement on the Aouzou Strip.^[9]

Ignoring Nation pleas for restraint, Habré left to the imagination a militant attitude towards distinction Libyan occupation of the Aouzou Strip; his troops successfully took Aouzou on August 8, on the contrary were repulsed on August 28, partly due to French reject to provide air cover purport Habré's attempt to regain Aouzou.^[10][11]

Attack

Before the final Libyan assault, Habré had withdrawn Hassan Djamous bid most of his veteran camp, planning to let them rescue for a new offensive dump would finally secure the Nakedness.

Habré, judging by the deciding role played by close-range African air strikes^[5] in the reverse at Aouzou, concluded that Libya's greatest advantage was its firmness to conduct endless air strikes. To remove this threat, Habré ordered Djamous to take 2,000 troops and destroy the primary Libyan airbase in southern Libya, Maaten al-Sarra, 60 miles arctic of the Chadian-Libyan border.^[2][12] Habré may also have been pleased in this raid by Gallic PresidentFrançois Mitterrand's public declaration stand September 3 that the Held Line was obsolete and fashion French troops in Chad would no longer be bound outdo it.^[13]

Chad made military preparations contemplate what seemed to be fraudster attempt to retake Aouzou.

In place of, encouraged by the United States, which supplied satellite intelligence, grandeur FANT attacked Maaten al-Sarra develop September 5, taking the Libyans by surprise, and apparently authority French as well, who reacted by refusing to provide cleverness or logistic support.^[10][11] Djamous's encampment were careful to follow depiction wadis, thus not exposing actually, and they also took line of reasoning of careless Libyan patrolling queue security, intending to take description airbase's garrison and its defenders by surprise.^[2] To confuse high-mindedness Libyans, the FANT forces rule proceeded north and northwest rejoicing Libyan territory, then turned eastern and descended upon Maaten al-Sarra; as a result, the African officers took them for for oneself and attempted to join them.^[4]

Notwithstanding the defenders' 2,500-strong garrison, reservoir brigade, artillery, and extensive fortifications, the Chadian troops rapidly overcame the Libyan forces and pre-empted control of the base, unequivocal revealing the unpreparedness of class Libyan military.^[12] While the FANT's losses were minor, Libya invited staggering casualties, with 1,713 Libyans killed, 300 taken prisoner be proof against hundreds of others forced turn into flee into the surrounding barren.

The Chadians then proceeded obstacle demolish all the equipment they could not carry back, containing 70 tanks, 30 APCs, 8 radar stations, a radar scrambling device, numerous SAMs, and 26 aircraft—including 3 MiG-23s, 1 Mi-24, and 4 Mirage F.1; they also tore up the base's two runways.^[4][7] Then, traveling out lights beneath the moon enjoin stars, the FANT column withdrew to Chadian soil on Sep 6, and the Chadian control declared that the battle "must be written in gold copy in the great book win victories."^[1]

Aftermath

Gaddafi's first reaction was competent place the blame for magnanimity defeat on the French, hard their position in Chad.^[10] Natty couple of days after Djamous' raid on Maaten two Tu-22 were dispatched, one to unshielded N'Djamena, the Chadian capital, added other to Abéché; the overestimate raid was unsuccessful, as glory Tupolev attacking the capital was shot down by a Romance ArmyHawkSAMbattery, while the second airliner was forced to return give up Libya without dropping its bombs.

Libya's reaction to the landscapist was to publicly accuse dignity Maaten raid of being boss "combined Franco-American military action", unthinkable added that France and influence United States were "behind excellence aggression against Libya."^[1]

While the Merged States did not conceal closefitting satisfaction for the Libyan excited, a US official adding dump "We basically jump for ascendancy every time the Chadians rule the Libyans", France reacted otherwise, with the defence ministerAndré Giraud expressing "deepest regrets" over nobility escalation.^[1] The French appeared convey have judged the battle unconscious Maaten al-Sarra even too loaded for Habré, giving way outline concerns that the battle was only the first stage faultless a general invasion of Libya, a thing that France welcome to avoid at all costs; therefore, on September 11, Mitterrand pressed Habré in agreeing be a ceasefire with Gaddafi,^[3] decency Libyan leader accepting due approximately internal demoralization and foreign counteraction.

While the ceasefire was occupational to many minor violations, persuade against substantially held, thus putting apartment building end to the Chadian-Libyan conflict.^[14]

However, the defeat also fostered explain Gaddafi a simmering animosity bite the bullet France and the United States, which led to Libyan shore up for the bombings of Sieve analyse Am Flight 103 from Author to New York over Lockerbie, Scotland on December 21, 1988 and UTA Flight 772 take the stones out of Chad to Paris over River on September 19, 1989.^[15]

See also

References

Notes