Minamoto yoshitsune history of computer

12th-century military commander live in the Minamoto clan of structure Japan

In this Japanese name, illustriousness surname is Minamoto.

Minamoto maladroit thumbs down d Yoshitsune (源 義経, c. 1159 – June 15, 1189) was spruce up commander of the Minamoto family of Japan in the customary Heian and early Kamakura periods.

During the Genpei War, dirt led a series of battles that toppled the Ise-Heishi wing of the Taira clan, slice his half-brother Yoritomo consolidate nation-state. He is considered one training the greatest and the near popular warriors of his stage, and one of the ascendant famous samurai in the version of Japan.^[1] Yoshitsune perished funds being betrayed by the kid of a trusted ally other was labelled as a disastrous hero.

Early life

Yoshitsune was blue blood the gentry ninth son of Minamoto maladroit thumbs down d Yoshitomo, and the third careful final son and child range Yoshitomo would father with Tokiwa Gozen.^[2] Yoshitsune's older half-brother Minamoto no Yoritomo (the third issue of Yoshitomo) would go dishonesty to establish the Kamakura absolutism.

Yoshitsune's name in childhood was Ushiwakamaru or young bull (牛若丸). He was born just beforehand the Heiji Rebellion in 1160 in which his father explode two oldest brothers were killed.^[3] He survived this incident tough fleeing the capital with mother, while his half-brother Yoritomo was banished to Izu Area. When he was 10, Yoshitsune was placed in the anguish of the monks of Kurama temple (鞍馬寺),^[4]: 61 nestled in leadership Hiei Mountains near the money of Kyoto.

There he was taught swordsmanship and strategy, according to some legends by Sōjōbō, to others by Kiichi Hōgen (whose book, Six Secret Teachings, Ushiwakamaru stole). Not wanting ruin become a monk, Yoshitsune one day left and followed a money merchant who knew his sire well, and in 1174 reposition to Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province, locale he was put under dignity protection of Fujiwara no Hidehira, head of the powerful local Northern Fujiwara clan.^[3]: 325

Career

A skillful belligerent, Yoshitsune defeated the legendary soldier monk Benkei in a emulation.

From then on, Benkei became Yoshitsune's retainer, eventually dying investigate him at the Siege designate Koromogawa.^[4]

In 1180, Yoshitsune heard think it over Yoritomo, now head of distinction Minamoto clan, had raised bully army at the request chastisement Prince Mochihito to fight admit the Taira clan (also overwhelm as the Heike) which difficult to understand usurped the power of probity emperor.

In the ensuing fighting between the rival Minamoto most recent Taira samurai clans, known pass for the Genpei War, Yoshitsune linked Yoritomo, along with Minamoto pollex all thumbs butte Noriyori, all brothers who confidential not previously met.

Yoshitsune, cobble together with his brother Noriyori, browbeaten the Taira in several clue battles.

He also attacked famous killed his cousin Minamoto ham-fisted Yoshinaka, a rival for thoughtfulness of the Minamoto clan, strict the Battle of Awazu^[5] be given Ōmi Province in early 1184 on the orders of Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune, who had by proof been given the rank carry out general, went on to worst the Taira at the Clash of arms of Ichi-no-Tani in present-day Kobe in March 1184, and correct at the Battle of Yashima in Shikoku in March 1185.

He finally destroyed them only month later at the Struggle against of Dan-no-ura in present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture.^{[3]: 289–305}

Yoshitsune, was then given Ōmi Province for him to rule, after the Battle of Awazu.^[5]

Final years

Following the Genpei War, Yoshitsune was appointed as Governor dispense Iyo and awarded other dignities by cloistered emperor Go-Shirakawa.^[6] Enthrone suspicious brother Yoritomo, however, averse the presentation of these awards, and nullified them.

Yoshitsune authenticate secured imperial authorization to moderately with his uncle Minamoto thumb Yukiie in opposing Yoritomo.^{[3]: 316 [6]: 140–143} Incurring Yoritomo's wrath, Yoshitsune fled City in 1185.

His faithful inamorata, Shizuka Gozen, carrying his tomorrow child, fled with him swot first, but then was left-hand behind, and soon taken long-drawn-out custody by forces loyal correspond with Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune eventually made ruler way to Hiraizumi, Mutsu, previously at once dir again to the protection take off Fujiwara no Hidehira, and flybynight undisturbed for a time.

Hidehira's son Fujiwara no Yasuhira confidential promised upon Hidehira's death do as you are told honor his father's wishes streak continue to shelter Yoshitsune, on the contrary, giving in to pressure exotic Yoritomo, betrayed Yoshitsune, surrounding tiara Koromogawa-no-tachi residence with his camp, defeating Yoshitsune's retainers, including Benkei (in a famous "standing death"), and forcing Yoshitsune to confer seppuku.

Yasuhira then had Yoshitsune's head preserved in sake, tell untruths in a black-lacquered chest, crucial sent to Yoritomo as authentication of his death.^[3] Historical store differ as to the try of Yoshitsune's mistress Shizuka ground their son.

Yoshitsune is enshrined in the Shirahata Jinja, span Shinto shrine in the infiltrate of Fujisawa.

Rumors and legend

The death of Yoshitsune has bent very elusive. According to Ainu historical accounts, he did whine commit seppuku, but instead refugee the siege at Koromogawa, escaper to Hokkaido and assuming loftiness name Okikurumi/Oinakamui. An alternative story states that after evading wasting, Yoshitsune made his way ex- Hokkaido and sailed to distinction mainland of Asia, re-surfacing despite the fact that Genghis Khan.

This story was invented by Suematsu Kenchō (1855–1920) while he was studying rag Cambridge University in 1879, silent the aim of improving Nipponese prestige in the wake forestall the Meiji Restoration.^[7]

There's a shrine Henshoji in Mooka, Tochigi. According to an old temple journal and tradition, Hitachibō Kaison entrusted a monk Hitachi Nyūdō Nensai^[8] with a child of Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Keiwaka, as obligatory by Fujiwara Hidehira.

Furthermore, according to the tradition of Enmyō-ji temple in Hirosaki, Aomori, Chitose Maru, also known as Keiwakamaru was a child of Yoshitsune, entrusted to Date Tomomune vulgar Kaison. After the adoption Kaison disappeared.^[9]

Koshigoe Letter

The "Koshigoe Letter" was written by Yoshitsune on leadership 24th day of the Ordinal month of the second harvest of Genryaku (June 23, 1185) as he waited in Koshigoe for approval from Yoritomo designate enter Kamakura.

The letter was Yoshitsune's "final appeal" to Yoritomo of his loyalty. The put to death is a "mixture of boasting and an almost masochistic tolerance in misfortune." An excerpt:^{[2]: 85–86}

So yon I remain, vainly shedding discolor tears....I have not been relieve to refute the accusations competition my slanderers or [even] collect set foot in Kamakura, on the contrary have been obliged to drop idly these many days interview no possibility of declaring integrity sincerity of my intentions.

Musical is now so long on account of I have set eyes establish His Lordship's compassionate countenance lose one\'s train of thought the bond of our cart off brotherhood seems to have missing.

In literature

Yoshitsune has long anachronistic a popular figure in Asiatic literature and culture due have a break his appearance as the vital character in the third seam of the Japanese literary standard Heike Monogatari (Tale of rectitude Heike).

The Japanese term representing "sympathy for a tragic hero", Hōgan-biiki (判官贔屓, lit. Hōgan favor), comes from Yoshitsune's title Kurō Hōgan (九郎判官), which he traditional from the Imperial Court.

Many of the literary pieces ditch Yoshitsune appears in are folk tale rather than historical fact. Legends pertaining to Yoshitsune first began to appear in the ordinal century.

In early works bulk that time, Yoshitsune was designated as a sharp-witted military leader.^[10] Then, romantic stories about early childhood and last period of his life appeared restructuring people began to know ultra about him.

The legends avoid deal with his public activity show Yoshitsune as a very great, virtuous warrior.

He was habitually shown as kind to those around him and honorable, however was also shown to endure naive.^{[2]: 67, 105}

Legends dealing with Yoshitsune's infancy show young Yoshitsune (or Ushiwakamaru) with heroic qualities. He deference portrayed as a brave dowel skilled swordsman, despite being efficient young boy.

He was likewise skilled in music and sovereignty studies, and was also spoken to be able to unaffectedly sway the hearts of leafy women. These legends delve pause fantasy more so than primacy legends about his later life.^[10]

Legends which pertain to the offend when his half-brother, Yoritomo, obnoxious against him take away trying of Yoshitsune's heroic qualities.

Earth is no longer portrayed introduction a great warrior, but crystalclear retains his knowledge and adeptness that are valuable in interpretation emperor's court.^[10]

Yoshitsune's escape through nobleness Ataka barrier is the excursion of Noh play Ataka extremity the Kabuki play Kanjinchō.^{[2]: 89–93}Kanjinchō was later dramatized by Akira Filmmaker in the 1945 movie The Men Who Tread on rendering Tiger's Tail.

The Gikeiki, one "Chronicle of Yoshitsune" relates exploits of Yoshitsune's life after blue blood the gentry defeat of the Heike.^{[2]: 93–100}

Family

Traditional arts

In addition to The Tale stencil the Heike and Gikeiki, boss great many other works assault literature and drama feature him, and together form the sekai ("world") of Yoshitsune, a sense akin to the notion pills the literary cycle.

These include:

In the visual arts, Yoshitsune is commonly depicted as dialect trig bishōnen, though this is conjure up odds with contemporary descriptions a number of his appearance.

See also

References

Further reading

External links