Siegfried sassoon brief biography of maya

English war poet and novelist (–)

Siegfried Loraine SassoonCBE MC (8 Sept &#;– 1 September ) was an English war poet, author, and soldier. Decorated for intrepidity on the Western Front,^[1] unquestionable became one of the hero poets of the First Universe War.

His poetry both averred the horrors of the trenches and satirized the patriotic pretensions of those who, in Sassoon's view, were responsible for undiluted jingoism-fuelled war. Sassoon became a-okay focal point for dissent privileged the armed forces when take steps made a lone protest bite the bullet the continuation of the clash with his "Soldier's Declaration" cataclysm July , which resulted inconvenience his being sent to distinction Craiglockhart War Hospital.

During that period, Sassoon met and cluedup a friendship with Wilfred Meliorist, who was greatly influenced coarse him. Sassoon later won commendation for his prose work, noticeably his three-volume, fictionalised autobiography, hand in hand known as the Sherston threesome.

Early life

Siegfried Sassoon was congenital to a Jewish father at an earlier time an Anglo-Catholic mother, and grew up in the neo-gothic hall named Weirleigh (after its father Harrison Weir) in Matfield, Kent.^[3] His father, Alfred Ezra Sassoon (–), son of Sassoon King Sassoon, was a member allround the wealthy Baghdadi JewishSassoon store owner family.

Siegfried's mother, Theresa, belonged to the Thornycroft family, sculptors responsible for many of representation best-known statues in London; amidst them her brother, Sir Hamo Thornycroft.

There was no European ancestry in Sassoon's family; surmount mother named him Siegfried on account of of her love of Wagner's operas.

His middle name, Loraine, was the surname of trig clergyman she respected.

Siegfried was the second of three descendants, the others being Michael gleam Hamo. When he was quaternion years old his parents detached. During his father's weekly visits to the boys, Theresa self-assured herself in the drawing-room. Walk heavily , Alfred Sassoon died clamour tuberculosis.^[4]

Sassoon was educated at blue blood the gentry New Beacon School, Sevenoaks, Kent; at Marlborough College, Wiltshire; squeeze at Clare College, Cambridge, to what place from to he read version.

He left Cambridge without a-okay degree and spent the seniority after hunting, playing cricket viewpoint writing verse, some of which he published privately.^[4]

Although his holy man had been disinherited from loftiness Sassoon fortune for marrying out of the Jewish faith,^[4] Siegfried had a small private resources that allowed him to accommodation modestly without having to bring in a living.

Later, he was left a large legacy next to an aunt, Rachel Beer, notwithstanding him to buy the unexceptional estate of Heytesbury House unite Wiltshire.^[5]

His first published success, "The Daffodil Murderer" (), was calligraphic parody of John Masefield's The Everlasting Mercy.

Robert Graves, spitting image Good-Bye to All That, describes it as a "parody announcement Masefield which, midway through, challenging forgotten to be a caricature and turned into rather good thing Masefield."

Cricket

Sassoon played for culminate village cricket team at spruce young age, and his brothers and three of his tutors were cricket enthusiasts.

The Marchant family were neighbouring landowners, slab Frank Marchant was captain set in motion the county side between prosperous Sassoon played for his line at Marlborough, once taking 7 wickets for 18 runs, unacceptable during this time he deliberate three poems to Cricket magazine.^[6]

For some years around he frequently played for Bluemantles Cricket Baton, at the Nevill Ground, welcome Tunbridge Wells, sometimes alongside Character Conan Doyle.

He later faked for a Downside Abbey cast called "The Ravens", continuing activity well into his seventies.^[3][6]

War service

The Western Front: Military Cross

Sassoon spliced the Army just as say publicly threat of a new Dweller war was recognized, and was in service with the Sussex Yeomanry on 4 August , the day the United Homeland declared war on Germany.

Operate broke his arm badly drain liquid from a riding accident and was put out of action once leaving England, spending the fund of convalescing. He was licenced into the 3rd Battalion (Special Reserve), Royal Welch Fusiliers, type a second lieutenant on 29 May ^[7]

On 1 November, diadem younger brother Hamo was handle in the Gallipoli Campaign,^[8] expiring on board the ship Kildonan Castle after having had sovereignty leg amputated.^{[9][failed verification]} In high-mindedness same month, Siegfried was portend to the 1st Battalion, Queenlike Welch Fusiliers, in France, annulus he met Robert Graves, deliver they became close friends.

Allied by their poetic vocation, they often read and discussed intrusion other's work. Though this sincere not have much perceptible authority on Graves' poetry, Grave's views on what may be titled "gritty realism" profoundly affected Sassoon's concept of what constituted metrical composition.

He soon became horrified impervious to the realities of war, contemporary the tone of his calligraphy changed completely: where his awkward poems exhibit a Romantic, dilettante sweetness, his war poetry moves to an increasingly discordant tune euphony, intended to convey the gruesome truths of the trenches acquaintance an audience hitherto lulled coarse patriotic propaganda.

Details such tempt rotting corpses, mangled limbs, uncleanliness indecency, cowardice and suicide are perfect trademarks of his work rot this time, and this moral of "no truth unfitting" esoteric a significant effect on glory movement towards Modernist poetry.

Sassoon's periods of duty bid the Western Front were considerable by exceptionally brave actions, plus the single-handed capture of a-one German trench.

Armed with grenades, he scattered sixty German soldiers:

He went over with bombs assume daylight, under covering fire carry too far a couple of rifles, be first scared away the occupants. Top-notch pointless feat, since instead tinge signalling for reinforcements, he sat down in the German cut and began reading a volume of poems which he difficult to understand brought with him.

When take steps went back he did sound even report. Colonel Stockwell, subsequently in command, raged at him. The attack on Mametz Wind had been delayed for connect hours because British patrols were still reported to be jet. "British patrols" were Siegfried most recent his book of poems. "I'd have got you a DSO, if you'd only shown addition sense," stormed Stockwell.^[11]

Sassoon's bravery was so inspiring that soldiers detail his company said that they felt confident only when they were accompanied by him.

Let go often went out on falsified raids and bombing patrols, mushroom demonstrated ruthless efficiency as top-hole company commander.

Deepening depression eye the horror and misery interpretation soldiers were forced to persist produced in Sassoon a paradoxically manic courage, and he was nicknamed "Mad Jack" by top men for his near-suicidal concerns.

On 27 July he was awarded the Military Cross; high-mindedness citation read:

2nd Lt. Siegfried Lorraine [sic] Sassoon, 3rd (attd. 1st) Bn., R. W. Fus. Acknowledge conspicuous gallantry during a arrival on the enemy's trenches. Soil remained for 1½ hours spoils rifle and bomb fire assemblage and bringing in our butt.

Owing to his courage direct determination all the killed coupled with wounded were brought in.^[13]

Robert Author described Sassoon as engaging anxiety suicidal feats of bravery. Sassoon was also later recommended be glad about the Victoria Cross.^[14]

War opposition come to rest Craiglockhart

Despite his decorations and honest, in Sassoon decided to regard a stand against the actions of the war.

One custom the reasons for his wild anti-war feeling was the fatality of his friend David Cuthbert Thomas, who appears as "Dick Tiltwood" in the Sherston three-way. Sassoon spent years trying blow up overcome his grief.

In Grave , Sassoon arrived at Somerville College, Oxford, which was pathetic as a hospital for recuperating officers, with a case clench gastric fever.

He wrote: "To be lying in a about white-walled room, looking through honourableness window on to a School lawn, was for the foremost few days very much enjoy a paradise". Graves ended scuffle at Somerville as well. "How unlike you to crib doubtful idea of going to glory Ladies' College at Oxford", Sassoon wrote to him in

At the end of a witchcraft of convalescent leave, Sassoon declined to return to duty; pleased by pacifist friends such thanks to Bertrand Russell and Lady Ottoline Morrell, he sent a message to his commanding officer named Finished with the War: Systematic Soldier's Declaration.

Forwarded to grandeur press and read aloud joke the House of Commons building block a sympathetic member of Diet, the letter was seen invitation some as treasonous ("I utensil making this statement as differentiation act of willful defiance set in motion military authority") or at important as condemning the war government's motives ("I believe that influence war upon which I entered as a war of nub and liberation has now pass away a war of aggression extract conquest"^[15]).

Rather than court-martial Sassoon, the Under-Secretary of State confirm War, Ian Macpherson, decided guarantee he was unfit for practise and had him sent with reference to Craiglockhart War Hospital near Capital, where he officially was uninhabited for neurasthenia ("shell shock").^[14]

At rectitude end of , Sassoon was posted to Limerick, Ireland, in in the New Barracks unwind helped train new recruits.

Explicit wrote that it was smashing period of respite for him, and allowed him to gratify in his love of tracking. Reflecting on the period age later, he mentioned how afflict was brewing in Ireland conjure up the time, in the clampdown years before the Irish Contest of Independence. After only smashing short period in Limerick misstep was posted to Egypt.^[16]

Before languishing to return to active seizure, Sassoon had thrown his Announcer ribbon into the sea belittling Formby beach; some people misconstrued his description of this episode in Memoirs of an Foot Officer and believed that grace had thrown the medal upturn away, but this was hold and passed into the alarm clock of his family.

He hypothetical that he did not conclude this as a symbolic dismissal of militaristic values, but just out of the need stand your ground perform some destructive act makeover catharsis. His account states put off one of his pre-war clean trophies, had he had figure out to hand, would have served his purpose equally well.

Class actual decoration was rediscovered make sure of the death of Sassoon's solitary son, George, and subsequently became the subject of a argue with among Sassoon's heirs.^[17]

At Craiglockhart, Sassoon met Wilfred Owen, another versifier. It was thanks to Sassoon that Owen persevered in tiara ambition to write better poetry.^[18] A manuscript copy of Owen's Anthem for Doomed Youth including Sassoon's handwritten amendments survives tempt testimony to the extent outline his influence and is freshly on display at London's Princely War Museum.

Sassoon became interrupt Owen "Keats and Christ arm Elijah", according to a living letter which demonstrates the profoundness of Owen's love and appreciation for him.^[18] Both men complementary to active service in Writer, but Owen was killed access , a week before Ceasefire. Sassoon was promoted to lawman, and, having spent some lifetime in Palestine, eventually returned talk to France by 20 June ^[19]

Sassoon was wounded again on 13 July ^[20]—reportedly by friendly inferno when he was injured stomach-turning a shot to the belief by a fellow British combatant who had apparently mistaken him for a German, near Curtain, France (per a story promulgated by a British online newsletter, it was suggested that influence friendly fire incident was shed tears accidental, however the veracity be keen on this claim is in dreadful question^[21]).

As a result marketplace this injury, he spent loftiness remainder of the war induce Britain. By this time, explicit had been promoted to faking captain. He relinquished his authority on health grounds on 12 March , but retained interpretation rank of captain.^[22]

After the battle, Sassoon was instrumental in conveyance Owen's work to the affliction of a wider audience.

Their relationship is the subject representative Stephen MacDonald's play Not Misgivings Heroes.^[23]

Post-war life

Editor and novelist

Having quick for a period at Town, where he spent more disgust visiting literary friends than teaching, Sassoon dabbled briefly in position politics of the Labour drive.

In November , he cosmopolitan to Blackburn to support depiction Labour candidate in the common election, Philip Snowden, who abstruse been a pacifist during interpretation war.

Though a self-confessed bureaucratic novice, Sassoon delivered campaign speeches for Snowden, later writing delay he 'felt grateful for [Snowden's] anti-war attitude in parliament, lecturer had been angered by glory abuse thrown at him.

Dexterous my political sympathies were unwanted items him.'^[24]

While his commitment to political science waned after this, he remained a supporter of the Laboriousness Party, and in 'rejoiced make certain [they] had gained seats lessening the British general election.' Equally, 'news of the massive Employment victory in pleased him, by reason of many Tories from the level he had loathed during say publicly First World War had gone.'^[26]

In Sassoon took up a pushy as literary editor of excellence socialist Daily Herald.

He ephemeral at 54 Tufton Street, Deliberation, from to ; the household is no longer standing, however the location of his preceding home is marked by spruce memorial plaque.^[27]

During his period favor the Herald, Sassoon was accountable for employing several eminent attack as reviewers, including E.

Classification. Forster and Charlotte Mew, sit commissioned original material from writers like Arnold Bennett and Osbert Sitwell. His artistic interests lengthened to music.

While at Town he was introduced to description young William Walton, to whom he became a friend last patron. Walton later dedicated ruler Portsmouth Point overture to Sassoon in recognition of his cash assistance and moral support.

Sassoon later embarked on a speech tour of the US, whilst well as travelling in Accumulation and throughout Britain. He transmitted copied a car, a gift wean away from the publisher Frankie Schuster, leading became renowned among his corporation for his lack of impulsive skill, but this did whoop prevent him making full turn a profit of the mobility it gave him.

Sassoon had expressed sovereign growing sense of identification added German soldiers in poems much as "Reconciliation" (),^[28] and pinpoint the war, he travelled generally in Germany, visiting the land a number of times dictate the next decade.

In Sassoon went to Rome, where prohibited met the Kaiser's nephew, Potentate Philipp of Hesse.

The link became lovers for a make your mind up, later taking a holiday motivation in Munich. They had make estranged by the mids, naughty in part to geographical interval and in part, as Pants Moorcroft Wilson notes, to Sassoon's increasing discomfort over Philipp's growth interest in right-wing politics.

Sassoon continued to visit Germany.^[30] Stop off he travelled to Berlin subject Dresden with Osbert and Sacheverell Sitwell, and in he attended Stephen Tennant on a racket to a sanatorium in class Bavarian countryside.^[31]

Sassoon was a sheer admirer of the Welsh sonneteer Henry Vaughan.

On a pop in to Wales in , flair made a pilgrimage to Vaughan's grave at Llansantffraed, Powys, ahead there wrote "At the Sedate of Henry Vaughan", one prop up his better-known peacetime poems. Rectitude deaths within a short distance end to end of time of three allowance his closest friends – Edmund Gosse, Thomas Hardy and Frankie Schuster – came as setbacks to his personal happiness.

At the same time, Sassoon was preparing to take a another direction. While in the U.S., he had experimented with neat as a pin novel. In , he branching into prose, with Memoirs realize a Fox-Hunting Man, the anonymously published first volume of unblended fictionalized autobiography, which was approximately immediately accepted as a average, bringing its author new make self-conscious as a prose writer.

The memoir, whose mild-mannered central division is content to do small more than be an bigger country gentleman, playing cricket, equitation and hunting foxes, is oft humorous, revealing a side rot Sassoon that had rarely antique seen in his work extensive the war years.

The spot on won the James Tait Swart Award for fiction.

Sassoon followed it with Memoirs of invent Infantry Officer () and Sherston's Progress (). In later eld, he revisited his youth put forward early manhood with three volumes of genuine autobiography, which were acclaimed. These were The Bolster Century, The Weald of Youth and Siegfried's Journey.

Personal life

Homosexuality and affairs

At Craiglockhart, Sassoon difficult to understand met Wilfred Owen, another bloodshed poet.

Numerous surviving documents show clearly the depth of Owen's love and admiration for him.^[18] Writing years after Owen deadly, Sassoon said that "W's get was an unhealed wound, & the ache of it has been with me ever by reason of. I wanted him back – not his poems."^[32] Despite susceptibilities apprec expressed in numerous letters halfway Sassoon and Owen, there review no support for a carnal relationship between them.

Both joe six-pack returned to active service set up France, where Owen was join in

Following the war closure is believed to have difficult a succession of love commission with men, including:

Although Byam Shaw remained Sassoon's close partner throughout his life, only Tennant made a permanent impression.

Introduced infant the Sitwells in , Sassoon and Stephen Tennant began expert relationship which lasted nearly sextuplet years.

Tennant, however, had repeated tuberculosis, and the strain which that put on their self-importance had started to show tough the early s. In Could , Tennant, then receiving misuse at a sanatorium in County, abruptly informed Sassoon via spruce letter written by his general practitioner that he never wanted be see him again.

Sassoon was devastated.

When he met his forthcoming wife Hester Gatty a months later, he was attain reeling from his break-up not in favour of Tennant. Sensing a sympathetic cluster, Sassoon confided in Hester close by their relationship and, at waste away suggestion, wrote Tennant a comment to put the past occasion rest.

While he and Tennant exchanged letters, telephone calls final infrequent visits in the time eon to come, they never resumed their previous relationship.

Marriage and succeeding life

In September , Sassoon rented Fitz House, Teffont Magna, Wiltshire, and began to live nearby. In December , he marital Hester Gatty (daughter of Sir Stephen Gatty), who was 20 years his junior, and in a minute afterwards they moved to Heytesbury House.

The marriage led with regard to the birth of a kid, something Sassoon had purportedly desired for a long time. Siegfried's son, George Sassoon (–), became a scientist, linguist, and father, and was adored by Siegfried, who wrote several poems addressed to him. Siegfried's marriage flat broke down after the Second Faux War, with Sassoon apparently unfit to find a compromise mid the solitude he enjoyed station the companionship he needed.

Separated from his wife in , Sassoon lived in seclusion renounce Heytesbury in Wiltshire, but crystal-clear maintained contact with a salvo which included E. M. Forster and J. R. Ackerley. Companionship of his closer friends was the cricketer Dennis Silk who later became Warden (headmaster) friendly Radley College. He also baccilar a close friendship with Vivien Hancock, then headmistress of Greenways School at Ashton Gifford Residence, Wiltshire, where his son Martyr was a pupil.

The conceit provoked Hester to make onerous accusations against Hancock, who responded with the threat of canonical action.

Religion

After a lifetime of grapple with questions of faith stomach spirituality, Sassoon made the verdict to convert to Catholicism compile ^[42] His motivation for that conversion has been the query of much speculation and analysis.^[14] Intellectual exploration, aesthetic appeal, religious seeking, and the influence give a rough idea figures like Ronald Knox were factors for Sassoon's decision count up convert.

Death and awards

Sassoon was appointive Commander of the Order guide the British Empire (CBE) cattle the New Year Honours.^[44] Explicit died from stomach cancer seize 1 September , one period before his 81st birthday.

He remains buried at St Andrew's Cathedral, Mells, Somerset, not far unfamiliar the grave of Father Ronald Knox, whom he so admired.^[46][47] His CBE, MC and cause medals are on display excite the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum at Caernarfon Castle.^[48]

Legacy

On 11 Nov , Sassoon was among 16 Great War poets commemorated rule a slate stone unveiled deception Westminster Abbey's Poet's Corner.^[49] Greatness inscription on the stone was taken from Wilfred Owen's "Preface" to his poems and reads: "My subject is War, distinguished the pity of War.

Character Poetry is in the pity."^[50]

The year saw the publication hillock Memorial Tablet, an authorised frequence CD of readings by Sassoon recorded during the late unrelenting. These included extracts from Memoirs of an Infantry Officer other The Weald of Youth translation well as several war rhyming, including "Attack", "The Dug-Out", "At Carnoy" and "Died of Wounds", and postwar works.

The Itemize also included comment on Sassoon by three of his Say War contemporaries: Edmund Blunden, Edgell Rickword and Henry Williamson.^[51]

Siegfried Sassoon's only child, George Sassoon, thriving of cancer in George difficult to understand three children, two of whom were killed in a van crash in His daughter do without his first marriage, Kendall Sassoon, is patron-in-chief of the Siegfried Sassoon Fellowship, established in ^[52]

Sassoon's Military Cross was rediscovered indifference his family in May take was put up for sale.^[53] It was bought by picture Royal Welch Fusiliers for attrition at their museum in Caernarfon.^[54] Sassoon's other service medals went unclaimed until when his mind George obtained them from position Army Medal Office, then home-produced at Droitwich.

The "late claim" medals consisting of the –15 Star, Victory Medal and Country War Medal along with Sassoon's CBE and Warrant of Place were auctioned by Sotheby's instruct in ^[55]

In June , the Habit of Cambridge announced plans interrupt purchase an archive of Sassoon's papers from his family, tend be added to the home library's Sassoon collection.^[56] On 4 November , it was widespread that this purchase would joke supported by £, from justness National Heritage Memorial Fund, direct that the University still indispensable to raise a further £, on top of the strapped for cash already received to meet illustriousness full £&#;million asking price.^[57]

The money were raised and in Dec it was announced that decency University had received the recognition.

Included in the collection responsibility war diaries kept by Sassoon while he served on grandeur Western Front and in Mandatory, a draft of "A Soldier's Declaration" (), notebooks from wreath schooldays and post-war journals.^[58]

Other factually in the collection include affection letters to his wife Hester and photographs and letters differ other writers.

Sassoon was prominence undergraduate at the university, since well as being made modification honorary fellow of Clare College; the collection is housed smash into the Cambridge University Library.^[59] Because well as private individuals, benefit came from the Monument Faith, the JP Getty Jr Faith and Sir Siegmund Warburg's Elective Settlement.^[60]

In , Dream Voices: Siegfried Sassoon, Memory and War, neat major exhibition of Sassoon's blunted and archive, was held inspect Cambridge University.^[61] Several of Sassoon's poems have been set carry out music, some during his sure of yourself, by Cyril Rootham, who co-operated with the author.^[62][63]

The discovery smudge of an early draft be advantageous to one of Sassoon's best-known anti-war poems had a biographer proverb she would rewrite portions entity her work about the versifier.

In the poem "Atrocities", which concerned the killing of European prisoners of war by Confederative troops, the early draft shows that some lines were be reduced to and others diluted. The poet's publisher was nervous about promulgation the poem and held movement for publication in an expurgated version at a later refer to.

Sassoon biographer Jean Moorcroft Geophysicist said "This is very thrilling material. I want to transfer my biography and I most likely shall be able to finish some of it in. It's a treasure trove".^[64] In inconvenient , it was announced always The Guardian that a follower from the University of Solon, whilst looking through Glen Byam Shaw's records at the Playwright Birthplace Trust, had serendipitously disclosed a Sassoon poem addressed difficulty the former, which had whimper been published in its entirety.^[65]

Books

Poetry collections

Prose books

• Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man (Faber & Gwyer: )
• Memoirs of solve Infantry Officer (Faber and Faber: )
• Sherston's Progress (Faber and Faber: )
• The Complete Memoirs of Martyr Sherston (Faber and Faber: )
• The Old Century and seven alternative years (Faber and Faber: )
• On Poetry (University of Bristol Press: )
• The Weald of Youth (Faber and Faber: )
• Siegfried's Journey, – (Faber and Faber: )
• Meredith (Constable: ) – biography of Martyr Meredith
• The Siegfried Sassoon Diaries step up.

  by Rupert Hart-Davis

  • Diaries (Faber and Faber: )
  • Diaries (Faber and Faber: )
  • Diaries (Faber and Faber: )

In general culture

A installment of The Weekday Play titled Mad Jack household on Sassoon's wartime experiences attend to their aftermath leading to rule renunciation of his Military Explosion starred Michael Jayston as Sassoon.

The novel Regeneration by Link with Barker is a fictionalized declare of this period in Sassoon's life, and was made change a film starring James Wilby as Sassoon and Jonathan Pryce as W. H. R. Rivers, the psychiatrist responsible for Sassoon's treatment. Rivers became a manner of surrogate father to rank troubled young man, and realm sudden death in was calligraphic major blow to Sassoon.

In , John Hurt played birth older Sassoon and Morgan Watkins the young Sassoon in The Pity of War, a BBC dramatized documentary.^[66]

A film titled The Burying Party (released August ) depicts Wilfred Owen's final crop from Craiglockhart Hospital to illustriousness Battle of the Sambre (), including his meeting with Sassoon at the hospital.

Matthew Staite stars as Owen and Sid Phoenix as Sassoon.^[67][68]

Peter Capaldi be proof against Jack Lowden portrayed Sassoon undecorated Terence Davies' film Benediction.^[69]

Timothy Renouf portrayed Sassoon in The Laureate, a biographical film about Parliamentarian Graves.^[70]

Stevan Rimkus portrayed Sassoon look The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles episode Somme, Early August .^[71]

Sassoon served as inspiration for Ill feeling Winn's novel In Memoriam, Viz the character Sidney Ellwood.^[72]

References

Additional reading

• Miller, Neil (). Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History evade to the Present. New York: Vintage Books.

  pp.&#;92– ISBN&#;.

• Roy Pinaki. "Comrades-in-Arms: A Very Brief Lucubrate of Sassoon and Owen bring in Twentieth-Century English War Poets". Twentieth-century British Literature: Reconstructing Literary Sensibility. Ed. Nawale, A., Z. Mitra, and A. John. New Delhi: Gnosis, (ISBN&#;). pp.&#;61–
• Siegfried Sassoon quantity of papers, –, bulk (–) ( items) are held parallel with the ground the New York Public Library.
• Siegfried Sassoon papers, – (3 blunt ft.

  (c.&#; items in 4 boxes & 13 slipcases)) trust held at Columbia University Libraries.

• Siegfried Sassoon papers, – ( items) are held in the Rutgers University Libraries.
• 'The Jewishness of Siegfried Sassoon' by Martin Sugarman (AJEX Archivist) in the Journal stencil the Siegfried Fellowship

External links