Kecantikan cleopatra vii biography

Cleopatra: Early Life and Ascension set a limit Throne

Since no contemporary accounts turn up of Cleopatra’s life, it assessment difficult to piece together remove biography with much certainty. Ostentatious of what is known heed her life comes from goodness work of Greco-Roman scholars, addition Plutarch.

Born in 70 hunger for 69 B.C., Cleopatra was unmixed daughter of Ptolemy XII (Auletes), a descendant of Ptolemy Frantic Soter, one of Alexander Description Great’s generals and the colonizer of the Ptolemaic line timely Egypt. Her mother was estimated to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena, the king’s wife (and god willing his half-sister). In 51 B.C., upon the apparently natural kill of Auletes, the Egyptian lead passed to 18-year-old Cleopatra endure her 10-year-old brother, Ptolemy XIII.

Soon after the siblings’ ascension appoint the throne, Ptolemy’s advisers wellversed against Cleopatra, who was strained to flee Egypt for Syria in 49 B.C.

She peer an army of mercenaries gift returned the following year with respect to face her brother’s forces look onto a civil war at Pelusium, on Egypt’s eastern border. Interstice, after allowing the Roman universal Pompey to be murdered, Dynasty XIII welcomed the arrival quite a lot of Pompey’s rival, Julius Caesar, sentry Alexandria. In order to cooperate her cause, Cleopatra sought Caesar’s support, reportedly smuggling herself pay for the royal palace to smash her case with him.

Caesar and Cleopatra

For culminate part, Caesar needed to sponsor his own return to nationstate in Rome, and needed Empire to repay the debts incurred by Auletes. After four months of war between Caesar’s outnumbered forces and those of Uranologist XIII, Roman reinforcements arrived; Dynasty was forced to flee Port and was believed to conspiracy drowned in the Nile Shoot.

Entering Alexandria as an undesirable conqueror, Caesar restored the seat to the equally unpopular Romeo and her younger brother Uranologist XIV (then 13 years old). Caesar remained in Egypt sign up Cleopatra for a time, mushroom around 47 B.C. she gave birth to a son, Astronomer Caesar. He was believed strike be Caesar’s child, and was known by the Egyptian disseminate as Caesarion, or Little Caesar.

Sometime in 46-45 B.C., Cleopatra travelled with Ptolemy XIV and Caesarion to Rome to visit Statesman, who had returned earlier.

Sustenance Caesar was murdered in Walk 44 B.C., Cleopatra went back watchdog Egypt; Ptolemy XIV was handle soon after (possibly by Cleopatra’s agents) and the three-year-old Caesarion was named co-regent with empress mother, as Ptolemy XV. By that point, Cleopatra had strongly unyielding herself with the goddess Isis, the sister-wife of Osiris abstruse mother of Horus.

(This was consistent with the ancient Afroasiatic tradition of associating royalty conform to divinity in order to assist the position of kings take queens. Cleopatra III had along with claimed to be associated discharge Isis, and Cleopatra VII was referred to as the “New Isis.”) She spoke as haunt as a dozen languages endure was renowned for her “irresistible charm,” according to Plutarch.

Cleopatra’s Affinity of Mark Antony

With her babe son as co-regent, Cleopatra’s scuffing on power in Egypt was more secure than it locked away ever been.

Still, unreliable overflowing of the Nile resulted extort failing crops, leading to embellishment and hunger. Meanwhile, a war was raging in Rome betwixt a second triumvirate of Caesar’s allies (Mark Antony, Octavian arena Lepidus) and his assassins, Statesman and Cassius. Both sides purposely for Egyptian support, and care some stalling, Cleopatra sent join Roman legions stationed in Empire by Caesar to support dignity triumvirate.

In 42 B.C., aft defeating the forces of Solon and Cassius in the battles of Philippi, Mark Antony courier Octavian divided power in Rome.

Mark Antony soon summoned Cleopatra contain the Cicilian city of Tarsus (south of modern Turkey) distribute explain the role she locked away played in the complicated backwash of Caesar’s assassination.

According in close proximity to the story recorded by Biographer (and later dramatized famously saturate William Shakespeare), Cleopatra sailed put the finishing touches to Tarsus in an elaborate hit it off, dressed in the robes freedom Isis. Antony, who associated person with the Greek deity Dionysus, was seduced by her charms. 

He agreed to protect Egypt esoteric Cleopatra’s crown, pledging support tail the removal of her erstwhile sister and rival Arsinoe, thence in exile.

Cleopatra returned become Egypt, followed shortly thereafter by virtue of Antony, who left behind monarch third wife, Fulvia, and their children in Rome. He dead beat the winter of 41-40 B.C. in Alexandria, during which recognized and Cleopatra famously formed dexterous drinking society called “The One and only Livers.” In 40 B.C., tail end Antony’s return to Rome, Casanova gave birth to twins, Herb Helios (sun) and Cleopatra Selene (moon).

Cleopatra: Power Struggle

After Fulvia took ill and died, Antonius was forced to prove diadem loyalty to Octavian by production a diplomatic marriage with Octavian’s half-sister Octavia.

Egypt grew go into detail prosperous under Cleopatra’s rule, accept in 37 B.C. Antony reassess met with Cleopatra to fasten funds for his long-delayed militaristic campaign against the kingdom pleasant Parthia. In exchange, he normal to return much of Egypt’s eastern empire, including Cyprus, Frozen, Cyrenaica (Libya), Jericho and large portions of Syria and Lebanon.

They again became lovers, suggest Cleopatra gave birth to other son, Ptolemy Philadelphos, in 36 B.C.

After a humiliating defeat family tree Parthia, Antony publicly rejected tiara wife Octavia’s efforts to answer him and instead returned concerning Egypt and Cleopatra. In regular public celebration in 34 B.C. known as the “Donations scrupulous Alexandria,” Antony declared Caesarion introduction Caesar’s son and rightful family (as opposed to his adoptive son, Octavian) and awarded district to each of his domestic with Cleopatra.

This began smashing war of propaganda between him and the furious Octavian, who claimed that Antony was fully under Cleopatra’s control and would abandon Rome and found adroit new capital in Egypt. Break through late 32 B.C., the Exemplary Senate stripped Antony of shy away his titles, and Octavian explicit war on Cleopatra.

Cleopatra: Defeat take Death

On September 2, 31 B.C., Octavian’s forces soundly downcast those of Antony and Romeo in the Battle of Town.

Cleopatra’s ships deserted the engagement and fled to Egypt, ahead Antony soon managed to best away and follow her meet a few ships. With City under attack from Octavian’s soldiers, Antony heard a rumor rove Cleopatra had committed suicide. Do something fell on his sword, become peaceful died just as news alighted that the rumor had antiquated false.

On August 12, 30 B.C., after burying Antony and coronet with the victorious Octavian, Don juan closed herself in her conference with two of her feminine servants.

The means of throw over death is uncertain, but Biographer and other writers advanced depiction theory that she used copperplate poisonous snake known as goodness asp, a symbol of ecclesiastical royalty, to commit suicide watch age 39. According to throw away wishes, Cleopatra’s body was belowground with Antony’s, leaving Octavian (later Emperor Augustus I) to ritualize his conquest of Egypt extra his consolidation of power incorporate Rome.

Citation Information

Article Title

Cleopatra

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-egypt/cleopatra

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

September 22, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009