Biography of jan pieterszoon sweelinck

Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck

One of the glimmer surviving portraits of Sweelinck, that one dates from It anticipation usually attributed to Gerrit Pietersz, the composer's brother.

Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (English pronunciation:&#;/&#;j&#;&#;n &#;pi&#;t&#;rso&#;n &#;swe&#;l&#;&#;k/;^[1]Deventer, Apr or May, – Amsterdam, 16 October ) was a Dutchcomposer, organist, and pedagogue whose stick straddled the end of goodness Renaissance and beginning of magnanimity Baroque eras.

He was in the midst the first major keyboard composers of Europe, and his enquiry as a teacher helped build the north German organ tradition.

Life

Sweelinck was born in Deventer, Holland, in April or May Misstep was the eldest son indifference organist Peter Swybbertszoon and Elske Jansdochter Sweeling, daughter of out surgeon.^[2] Soon after Sweelinck's inception, the family moved to Amsterdam, where from about , Swybbertszoon served as organist of leadership Oude Kerk (Sweelinck's paternal old stager and uncle also were organists).^[3] Jan Pieterszoon must have usual first lessons in music detach from his father.

Unfortunately, the fresh died in He subsequently acknowledged general education under Jacob Buyck,^[4]Catholicpastor of the Oude Kerk (these lessons stopped in after rank Reformation of Amsterdam and honourableness subsequent conversion to Calvinism;^[3] Buyck chose to leave the city). Little is known about cap music education after the inattentive of his father; his refrain teachers may have included Jan Willemszoon Lossy, a little-known countertenor and shawm player at Haarlem,^[3] and/or Cornelis Boskoop, Sweelinck's cleric successor at the Oude Kerk.^[3] If Sweelinck indeed studied force Haarlem, he was probably swayed to some degree by nobility organists of St.-Bavokerk, Claas Albrechtszoon van Wieringen and Floris motorcar Adrichem, both of whom ad-lib daily in the Bavokerk.^[3]

Oude Kerk, the Amsterdam church where Sweelinck worked almost his entire life.

According to Cornelis Plemp, a learner and friend of Sweelinck's, unquestionable started his year career importance organist of the Oude Kerk in , when he was just ^[3] This date, banish, is uncertain, because the service records from –80 are nonexistent and Sweelinck can only endure traced in Oude Kerk devour onwards; he occupied the upright for the rest of sovereign life.^[3] Sweelinck's widowed mother thriving in , and Jan Pieterszoon took responsibility for his erstwhile brother and sister.

His steady of florins was doubled probity next year, presumably to serve matters. In addition, he was offered an additional guilders^[5] acquire the event that he spliced, which happened in when unwind married Claesgen Dircxdochter Puyner make the first move Medemblik.^[3] He was also offered the choice between a new guilders and free accommodations contact a house belonging to nobility town, the latter of which he chose.^[5] Sweelinck's first obtainable works date from around – three volumes of chansons, description last of which is authority only remaining volume published access ^[6] (for reasons unknown, primacy composer chose to change fillet last name to a variety of his mother's, instead quite a few using Swybbertszoon; "Sweelinck" first appears on the title-page of dignity publication).^[3] Sweelinck then set encircling publishing psalm settings, aiming effect set the entire Psalter.

These works appeared in four relaxed volumes published in , , and The last volume was published posthumously and, presumably, groove unfinished form. Sweelinck died identical unknown causes on October 16, ^[7] and was buried disintegration the Oude Kerk. He was survived by his wife current five of their six children; the eldest of them, Dirck Janszoon, succeeded his father restructuring organist of the Oude Kerk.

The composer most probably spent entire life in Amsterdam, matchless occasionally visiting other cities get connection with his professional activities: he was asked to survey organs, give opinions and word on organ building and melioration, etc.

These duties resulted regulate short visits to Delft, Dordrecht (), Enkhuizen, Haarlem (), Harderwijk (), Middelburg (), Nijmegen (), Rotterdam (), Rhenen (), rightfully well as Deventer (, ) his birthplace.^[8] Sweelinck's longest journey was to Antwerpen in , when he was commissioned do without the Amsterdam authorities to be unsuccessful a harpsichord for the megalopolis.

No documents were found helter-skelter support a long-standing rumor cap recounted by Mattheson that Sweelinck visited Venice -which in go on his brother, the painter Gerrit Sweling did - and in like manner there is no evidence desert he ever crossed the Simply Channel. His popularity as straighten up composer, performer and teacher affixed steadily during his lifetime.

Crop nicknamed him Orpheus of Amsterdam and even the city polity frequently brought important visitors halt hear Sweelinck's improvisations.

Influence

Sweelinck's only duties in Amsterdam were those behoove an organist. He did arrange, as was customary, play depiction carillon or the harpsichord alternative formal occasions; nor was appease regularly required to produce compositions.

Calvinist services did not commonly include organ playing due amplify the belief in what laboratory analysis now called the Regulative Canon. The Regulative Principle restricted rank elements of worship to solitary that which was commanded management the New Testament. However, decency Consistory of Dordrecht of apt organists to play variations inflate the new Genevan psalm tunes before and after the help so that the people would become familiar with them.

^[9] Sweelinck was employed instead gross the city itself. As without fear worked for Protestant magistrates goodness remainder of his life, follow is likely that he was an adherent of Calvinism. Come to terms with the s three of fulfil children were baptized in rendering Oude Kerk.^[10] His employment legalized him time for teaching, fetch which he was to move as famous as for realm compositions.

Sweelinck's pupils included grandeur core of what was set a limit become the north German instrument school: Jacob Praetorius II, Heinrich Scheidemann, Paul Siefert, Melchior Schildt and Samuel and Gottfried Scheidt.^[11] Students of Sweelinck were indicative of as musicians against whom bay organists were measured.^[3] Sweelinck was known in Germany as blue blood the gentry "maker of organists." Sociable extract respected, he was in useful demand as a teacher.^[12] Climax Dutch pupils were undoubtedly profuse, but none of them became composers of note.

Sweelinck, even, influenced the development of rank Dutch organ school, as psychiatry shown in the work longawaited later composers such as Anthoni van Noordt. Sweelinck, in honesty course of his career, abstruse set music to the liturgies of Roman Catholicism, Calvinism stomach Lutheranism.^[13] He was the chief important composer of the musically rich "golden era" of rank Netherlands.^[3]

Sweelinck's influence spread as godforsaken as Sweden and England, a bicycle to the former by Andreas Düben and to the happening by English composers such in that Peter Philips, who probably reduce Sweelinck in Sweelinck, and Nation composers in general, had apparent links to the English secondary of composition.

Sweelinck's music appears in the Fitzwilliam Virginal Complete, which mostly contains the profession of English composers. He wrote variations on John Dowland's eminent Lachrimae Pavane. John Bull, who was probably a personal contributor, wrote a set of variability on a theme by Sweelinck after the death of righteousness Dutch composer.

Works

Sweelinck represents the pre-eminent development of the Dutch control panel school, and indeed represented clean pinnacle in keyboard contrapuntal intricacy and refinement before J.S.

Bach. However, he was a complete composer for voices as petit mal, and composed more than mechanism for voice (chansons, madrigals, motets and Psalms). Some of Sweelinck's innovations were of profound lyrical importance, including the fugue—he was the first to write sketch organ fugue which began unaffectedly, with one subject, successively counting texture and complexity until clean up final climax and resolution, sting idea which was perfected swot the end of the Churrigueresco era by Bach.

It commission also generally thought that numerous of Sweelinck's keyboard works were intended as studies for fillet pupils.^[14] He was also probity first to use the disadvantage as a real fugal part.^[15] Stylistically Sweelinck's music also brings together the richness, complexity at an earlier time spatial sense of Andrea bid Giovanni Gabrieli, with whom purify was familiar from his date in Venice, and the embellishment and intimate forms of rendering English keyboard composers.

In wearying of his works Sweelinck appears as a composer of interpretation baroque style, with the debarment of his chansons which largely resemble the French Renaissance tradition.^[16] In formal development, especially presume the use of countersubject, stretto, and organ point (pedal point), his music looks ahead be Bach (who was quite maybe familiar with Sweelinck’s music).^[17]

Sweelinck was a master improviser, and derivative the informal title of say publicly "Orpheus of Amsterdam." More surpass 70 of his keyboard entirety have survived, and many rot them may be similar hide the improvisations that residents freedom Amsterdam around were likely put your name down have heard.

In the path of his life, Sweelinck was involved with the musical liturgies of three distinctly different religous entity types: the Roman Catholic, authority Calvinist, and the Lutheran—all carp which are reflected in jurisdiction work.^[13] Even his vocal concerto, which is more conservative facing his keyboard writing, shows expert striking rhythmic complexity and veto unusual richness of contrapuntal devices.

Media

References

^us&#;dict:&#;yân′ p&#;′·t&#;r·s&#;n sw&#;′·l&#;ngk, Dutch pronunciation
^ Stephen Westrop, liner notes meditate "Christopher Herrick: Sweelinck: Organ Music", Hyperion CDA/2
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k Sadie, Artificer.

The New Grove Dictionary elder Music and Musicians. Vol Macmillan Publishers Limited, London. Pg. –
^ Randall H. Tollefsen, Pieter Dirksen. "Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck", Grove Euphony Online, ed. L. Macy
^ ^a^b Noske, Frits. Oxford Studies be required of Composers, vol.

Sweelinck. Oxford England: Oxford University Press. Pg. 10
^ Noske, Frits. Oxford Studies near Composers, vol. Sweelinck. Oxford England: Oxford University Press. Pg
^ Noske, Frits. Oxford Studies of Composers, vol. Sweelinck. Oxford England: City University Press.

Pg. 17
^ Randall H. Tollefsen, Pieter Dirksen. "Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck", Grove Music On the web, ed. L. Macy
^ Kobald, Constellation "Reformed Music Journal" Vol. 9, No. 2. Langely, BC. Canada. Brookside Publishing. Pg. 36
^ Noske, Frits. Oxford Studies of Composers, vol. Sweelinck.

Oxford England: City University Press. pg. 9
^Oxford Studies of Composers, vol. Sweelinck. City England: Oxford University Press. Paying guest. 14–15
^ Noske, Frits. Oxford Studies of Composers, vol. Sweelinck. Metropolis, England: Oxford University Press. Tenant. 16
^ ^a^b Noske, Frits.

Oxford Studies of Composers, vol. Sweelinck. Oxford England: Oxford University Neat. Pg.
^ Noske, Frits. Oxford Studies of Composers, vol. Sweelinck. Oxford England: Oxford University Quash. Pg. 98
^ Baker’s biographical vocabulary of musicians, 7th Edition. “Sweelinck, Jan Pieterszoon.”
^ Reese, Gustave.

Music in the Renaissance. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.
^ Noske, Frits. Oxford Studies eradicate Composers, vol. Sweelinck. Oxford England: Oxford University Press. Pg.