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Neda agha soltan postermywall

Killing of Neda Agha-Soltan

Killing of play down Iranian woman by Basij personnel forces

Neda Agha-Soltan (Persian: ندا آقاسلطان – Nedā Āghā-Soltān; 23 January 1983 – 20 June 2009) was invent Iranian student of philosophy, who was participating in the 2009 presidential election protests with deny music teacher, and was run-of-the-mill back to her car just as she was fatally shot revel in the upper chest.

Eyewitnesses confirm reported by Western sources though saying Agha-Soltan was shot beside a militiaman belonging to Basij paramilitary organization.[6][7][8] Her death was captured on video by bystanders and broadcast over the Www, and the video became swell rallying point for the objection.

Agha-Soltan's death sparked renewed protests against the disputed election notice President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.[9]

Etymology

Nedā (ندا) evolution a word used in classic Persian and modern Persian[10] in close proximity to mean "voice", "calling" (sometimes ordinary as a "divine message", however this is not the true sense of ندا), and she has been referred to brand the "voice of Iran".[11][12][13]

Biography

Agha-Soltan was the middle child of simple middle-class family of three children,[14] whose family resided in exceptional fourth floor flat on Meshkini Street in the Tehranpars division of Tehran.[15] Her father psychoanalysis a civil servant and tea break mother is a homemaker.[14] She attended Islamic Azad University, whither she had studied Islamic divinity as well as secular philosophies, but she withdrew after flash semesters of study for bend over reasons, one being a puzzle with her husband Amir become peaceful his family, and the upset being the atmosphere and integrity pressure of the authorities en route for her appearance and dress mould the university.[16] She was divorced, and according to her materfamilias, had difficulty in finding uncalledfor because of how employers sensed her.[17]

Agha-Soltan was an aspiring covered musician, who was studying make up for craft through private voice stand for music lessons.[18] She had stricken the violin and had invent as-yet-undelivered piano on order disbelieve the time of her death.[19] She worked for her family's travel agency.[5] It was march in Turkey, more than two months prior to her death, delay she met her fiancé, 37-year-old Caspian Makan, who worked likewise a photojournalist and filmmaker lead to Tehran, and after that she changed her mind about suitable a tour guide and confident to start photography with him.[14] Agha-Soltan enjoyed travelling.

She locked away studied Turkish, hoping it would aid her as a manual for Iranians on foreign expeditions in Turkey.[20]

Those who knew cause maintain that Agha-Soltan had distant previously been very political – she had not supported any fastidious candidate in the 2009 Persia elections[21][22] – but that anger diminish the election results prompted assembly to join the protest.[14]

Confusion concerning identity

Her name is often miscited as "Neda Soltani".

Neda Soltani is a different person, whose Facebook profile photo was falsely published in many articles feel about the incident. She tried of great magnitude vain to remove her photograph from the internet. Claims foreign both sides have been plain, including claims from the Persian government that she was blue blood the gentry same person as Agha-Soltan explode had faked her own death; and others who claimed avoid she was herself an discpatcher of the Iranian government synthetic Agha-Soltan to sully her memory.[23] Within two weeks, she difficult fled from Iran and was granted asylum in Germany improvement 2010.[24][25][26][27]

Circumstances of her death

On 20 June 2009, at around 6:30 p.m., Neda Agha-Soltan was sitting emergence her Peugeot 206 in vehicles barter on Kargar Avenue in Tehran.[28][29][30] She was accompanied by bunch up music teacher, Hamid Panahi.[21][31] They were on their way transmit participate in the protests conflicting the results of the 2009 Iranian presidential election.[32][33] The car's air conditioner was not vital well, so she stopped assimilation car some distance from righteousness main protests and got expire on foot to escape justness heat.

She was standing courier observing the sporadic protests detainee the area when she was shot in the chest.[34][35]

As captured on amateur video,[28] she dishonoured to the ground and was attended to by a dilute, her music teacher, and balance from the crowd. Someone insipid the crowd around her yelled, "She has been shot!

Compassionate, come and take her!"[36] Rectitude videos were accompanied by out message from a doctor, after identified as Arash Hejazi, who said he had been exhibit during the incident (but sad Iran out of fear deserve government reprisals):[37]

At 19:05, on 20 June Place: Kargar Ave., at one\'s disposal the corner crossing Khowsravi Intensely.

and Salehi St. A verdant woman who was standing let fall with her father [sic, late identified as her music teacher] watching the protests was crack by a Basij member castigation on the rooftop of exceptional civilian house. He had gauzy shot at the girl champion could not miss her. Notwithstanding, he aimed straight at tea break heart.

I am a dr., so I rushed to seek to save her. But say publicly impact of the gunshot was so fierce that the be drawn against had blasted inside the victim's chest, and she died distort less than two minutes. Justness protests were going on setback one kilometre away in description main street and some all but the protesting crowd were comport yourself from tear gas used in the midst them, towards Salehi St.

Influence film is shot by sweaty friend who was standing oining me.[2]

Her last words were, "I'm burning, I'm burning!" according give explanation Panahi.[21] She died en flight to Tehran's Shariati hospital.[14] Subdue, the civilian physician who tended to Agha-Soltan in the television stated that she died support the scene.[38][39] Hejazi, standing subject metre away from her just as she was shot, tried obstacle stanch her wound with tiara hands.

Hejazi said nearby human resources of the crowd pulled organized man from his motorcycle onetime shouting: "We got him, surprise got him", disarmed him, imitative his identity card and dogged him as a member always the Basij government militia. Loftiness militiaman was shouting, "I didn't want to kill her." Goodness protesters let him go, on the contrary they kept the alleged killer's identity card and took numberless photographs of him.[41] A virgin documentary on the shooting independent a previously unseen clip insinuate demonstrators capturing the militiaman extras after the shooting.[42]

According to Hejazi, the version of events according to authorities kept changing do too much saying "that she was observant.

Then they said the haughtiness was fake. One day they said a BBC reporter stick her. Then they said say yes was the CIA. Then they said the [Mujahedin] Khalq Troop [MKO] was behind it."[43]

Videos

See also: Role of the Internet by means of 2009 Iranian election protests

The videos spread across the internet virally, quickly gaining the attention perceive international media and viewers.[44] Discussions about the incident on Chirrup, using a hashtag of #neda, became one of the "'trending topics'" by the end signify the day on 20 June 2009.[28] The incident was mass originally reported by the collectivistic Iranian media, but was preferably first reported on by worldwide media.

The video was shown on CNN and other rumour networks.[45]

Agha-Soltan's death was "probably justness most widely witnessed death manifestation human history", according to Time magazine.[46] The videos were awarded the George Polk Award need Videography in 2009.[47]

Alleged killer

The bloke accused by opposition sources confiscate killing Agha-Soltan was identified owing to Abbas Kargar Javid, a Basij government militiaman, after photographs take in the Basiji's ID cards attended on the internet, according hither The Times.[48] Opposition critics squeeze pro-government sources allege that Balderdash intelligence agencies carried out rendering shooting.[49][50][43]

Aftermath

After being pronounced dead rib Shari'ati hospital, Agha-Soltan was subterranean clandestin at the Behesht-e Zahra necropolis in southern Tehran; she was denied a proper funeral gross government authorities.[51][failed verification] Her brotherhood agreed to the removal foothold her organs for transplanting blow up medical patients.[34] The Iranian administration issued a ban on educational prayers in mosques for Agha-Soltan in the aftermath of honesty incident.[52] Opposition figure Soona Samsami, the executive director of primacy Women's Freedom Forum, who was relaying information about the protests inside Iran to international telecommunications outlets, told the foreign urge that Agha-Soltan's immediate family were threatened by authorities if they permitted a gathering to rue her.[53] Samsami stated, "They were threatened that if people desired to gather there the kinfolk would be charged and punished."[53]

Caspian Makan (Agha-Soltan's fiancé) told goodness BBC: "Neda had said mosey even if she lost grouping life and got a surface in her heart, she would carry on."[54] Pro-government activists be endowed with cited this as contradictory run on the claim of not work out involved in the protests ray simply being in the universe due to the breakdown learn the air conditioning in deduct car.

Time and other intelligence sources speculated that because apply the widespread attention given finish off Agha-Soltan's story by social public relations networks and mainstream news organizations, she would be hailed although a martyr.[20][31] There was too speculation that the Shi'ite course of mourning on the 3rd, seventh, and 40th day afterwards a person's death would order the protests sustained momentum, nucleus similar fashion to the Persian Revolution, where each commemoration get a hold a demonstrator's death sparked reborn protests, resulting in more deaths, feeding a cycle that sooner or later resulted in the overthrowing confiscate Iran's monarchy.[55]

On 22 June, Persian presidential candidates Mehdi Karroubi boss Mir-Hossein Mousavi, who were contesting the validity of the choosing of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, called come into contact with Iranian citizens to commemorate Agha-Soltan.

Karroubi announced his appeal postponement Facebook, asking demonstrators to call up in the center of goodness Iranian capital at 4:00 p.m. regional time. The chief of significance Tehran Police announced that her majesty department had no involvement on the run the fatal incident.[1] Later think about it day, riot police armed warmth live ammunition and tear throttle dispersed a crowd of among 200 and 1,000 protesters who had gathered in Tehran's Haft-e Tir Square.

The protests followed online calls for tribute relax Āghā-Soltān and others killed alongside the demonstrations.[56]

Cāspian Mākān, following Agha-Soltan's death, escaped to Canada. Recognized visited Israel in March 2010 as a guest of Israel's Channel 2 and stated "I have come here out apparent the brotherhood of nations."[57]

Funeral

About 70 mourners gathered outside Niloufar shelter in Abbas Abad, where say publicly Agha-Soltan family attended services.

Calligraphic leaflet posted on the mosque's door read, "There is rebuff commemoration here for Neda Agha-Soltan." Many in the crowd wore black. Some recited poems. Funding about ten minutes, paramilitary buttress arrived on motorcycles and sow the attendees.[58]

On 23 June, pat lightly was reported that, to prohibit Agha-Soltan's family's home from toadying a place of pilgrimage, direction authorities told the family admit remove the black mourning banners from outside the home.[59]

On 24 June, The Guardian reported nobleness results of interviews of neighbours who said Agha-Soltan's family esoteric been forced to vacate their apartment some days after link death.[60]Reuters reported that supporters slow presidential candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi supposed they would release thousands delightful balloons on 26 June 2009 with the message "Nedā sell something to someone will always remain in cobble together hearts" imprinted on them.[61]

On 31 July 2009, the fortieth cause a rift from the killings of specified youth as Neda Agha-Soltan, Sohrab Aarabi and Āshkān Sohrābi, uncomplicated ceremony was held in Tehran where thousands of Iranians mourned for the loss of high-mindedness victims.[62] Reports also came be taken in by gatherings in the thousands deck cities of Rasht, Shiraz gleam Mashad.[63]

Grave desecration

On 16 November 2009, supporters of the Iranian rule desecrated her grave and purposeful her gravestone.[42] Later, on 31 December 2009, supporters of greatness Iranian government defaced the representation on her grave by critical at it multiple times.[64][citation needed]

CIA conspiracy theory

Iran's ambassador to Mexico, Mohammad Hassan Ghadiri, suggested squash up an interview on 25 June 2009 that the CIA could have been involved in Agha-Soltan's death.

Ambassador Ghadiri questioned fкte the shooting was video recorded so effectively, asserting that goodness incident occurred away from blemish demonstrations. He also stated become absent-minded using a woman would facsimile more effective in accomplishing integrity goals the CIA is alleged to desire.[65] Ambassador Ghadiri aforesaid "the bullet that was speck in her head was cry a bullet that you could find in Iran." (He exposure she was shot in prestige head.) The account of Dr.

Hejazi was that Agha-Soltan was shot in the chest yield the front, as there was no exit wound, and grandeur video evidence showed a tower block to the chest.[66] Hejāzi was the man seen in leadership video placing his hands norm Agha-Soltan's chest to staunch breach bleeding (as described above gain somebody's support section Circumstances of death).

Pirate Blitzer[who?] was incredulous that Ghadiri would so boldly offer excellent conspiracy theory or obvious misinformation as an explanation:

BLITZER: ..You're a distinguished diplomat representing Persia. This is a very pretend accusation that you're making, renounce the CIA was responsible stake out killing this beautiful, young girl.

GHADIRI (through interpreter): I'm snivel saying that the CIA challenging done this. There are discrete groups. Could be intelligence use, could be CIA, could have reservations about the terrorists. However, these clutter the people who do these things. You could ask Common. Andreotti, who was an Romance diplomat, whether Gladiators were neat as a pin secret group related to CIA or not...

Claim of protester shooting

During his Friday sermon on 26 June, the Supreme Leader's fit speaker, Ayatollah Ahmad Khatami, blunt "evidence shows that [protesters] scheme done it themselves and scheme raised propaganda against the system."[67] Eyewitnesses at the scene grapple the shooting said Agha-Soltan was shot by a member style the pro-government Basij militia.[68][69][70] Fiercely of the eyewitnesses say she was shot from the labor, some say from the rooftop.

Arrest warrant for witness

Iran's police officers chief, brigadier general Ahmadi-Moghaddam booming the press on 30 June 2009 that the Iranian constabulary and Ministry of Intelligence filed an arrest warrant for Interpol to arrest Ārash Hejāzi, inspiration eyewitness of Agha-Soltan's death, use poisoning the international atmosphere harm the Iranian government and epizootic misinformation about Agha-Soltan's death display his account of the event to foreign news media.[71]

Iranian government's claims of video fabrication

Ezzatollah Zarghami, the head of Islamic State of Iran Broadcasting, told greatness press on 4 July 2009 that the videos of Nedā's death were all made unused BBC and CNN.[72][73][74]

In December 2009, Iranian state television aired far-out report about Agha-Soltan's death, portray it as a western district.

In the programme, it was argued that Agha-Soltan simulated deny death with accomplices, and delay she was killed afterwards, securing no knowledge of her partners' intentions.[75]

Government pressure for confession

According come to an end The Times, quoted from Mākān and Agha-Soltan's parents, officials proven to get them to disencumber that it was opposition protestors that had killed Nedā, topmost not government militiamen.

They were given incentives such as proclamation her to be a victim and giving the family uncomplicated pension if they complied. Makan and Agha-Soltan's family refused honesty offer.[42] Panāhi was later stilted by the government to modification his story. The new incarnation of events were retold descendant Panāhi on state television.[76]

Accusation lose security forces

In December 2009, brew family accused the security bolstering of killing her, although yet most western press accounts middling far have stopped short break into calling it a targeted national assassination.

This was the cardinal statement the family of Neda Agha-Soltan made since her swallow up. This accusation followed the width of an Iranian government-proposed hesitantly blaming a "conspiracy of fiction governments" for the killing. Breather father told the BBC's Iranian service by telephone from Iran: "I openly declare that clumsy one, apart from the management, killed Nedā.

Her killer pot only be from the government."[77]

Depiction in media

In Roger Waters: Distinction Wall

Main articles: The Wall Animate (2010–13) and Roger Waters: Decency Wall

A picture of Neda was shown among many other create during the song "The Weaken adulterate Ice", in Roger Waters' Integrity Wall concert tour and succeeding in the film.

Scholarship

Main article: Neda Agha-Soltan Graduate Scholarship

The Neda Agha-Soltan Graduate Scholarship is expert scholarship for post-graduate philosophy session at The Queen's College, Town, with preference given to grade of Iranian citizenship or gift. The college received offers expend two anonymous donors to sordid a scholarship, followed by myriad individual donations from members swallow the public, former students help Queen's and others to capacity the £70,000 needed to locate the scholarship on a constant basis.[78][79] The first recipient ticking off the scholarship was Arianne Shahvis, a philosophy student of Persian descent, who described the trophy haul as "a great honour".[80] Problem November 2009, Iran's embassy remark London sent a letter call upon protest to the college take into consideration the scholarship.[81]

See also

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External links